DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION (BRAIN CHIP SURGERY) FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND MOVEMENT DISORDERS
People & Blogs
Introduction
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is a pioneering procedure that helps manage symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. This method involves the implantation of a device that delivers electrical stimulation to specific areas of the brain, helping to alleviate the symptoms associated with these conditions.
The Procedure
The first step in deep brain stimulation surgery involves advanced imaging techniques. A high-resolution MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is performed to pinpoint the target area of the patient’s brain, specifically the subthalamic nucleus, which is crucial for managing Parkinson's symptoms. A sophisticated navigation system is then utilized to design a precise track for the brain chip's placement.
During the surgery, the patient's MRI scan is used to fixate on a specific part of the subthalamic nucleus. The surgical team uses the navigation system to ensure accuracy in placing the electrodes. The preliminary phase of the surgery is performed while the patient is awake, enabling real-time feedback as the leads are being inserted.
Micro Electrode Recording
In the awake phase of the surgery, micro electrode recording is conducted. This technique measures electrical activity in the brain, providing critical data on whether the chip is being positioned correctly. The surgical team monitors the electronic waves and can assess signal strength through visual representation.
Throughout the procedure, the patient participates in simple tasks such as opening their eyes and looking in various directions, helping the doctors gauge the brain's response. The recorded signals indicate if they are entering the correct brain region.
Macro Electrode Recording
After establishing the correct positioning through micro electrode recording, the procedure advances to macro electrode recording. At this stage, leads are placed in their designated areas, and stimulation is applied to evaluate responses to symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Adjustments are made based on the patient’s responses during this critical part of the surgery.
Post-Procedure Imaging
Once the leads are securely placed in the brain, a CT scan is conducted to verify the accuracy of the placement. This CT scan allows the surgical team to compare the actual lead positions against the pre-operative plan established via MRI. Confirmation that the leads followed the envisioned track is essential to ensure optimal outcomes.
Battery Connection
After verifying the lead placements, the battery that functions as the "brain pacemaker" is connected to the leads. This system is responsible for delivering the necessary electrical stimulation to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.
Conclusion
Deep brain stimulation surgery represents a significant advancement in treating movement disorders. By using precise imaging and recording techniques, surgeons can accurately place electrodes that greatly improve the quality of life for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease.
Keywords
- Deep Brain Stimulation
- DBS Surgery
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Movement Disorders
- Micro Electrode Recording
- Macro Electrode Recording
- Subthalamic Nucleus
- MRI
- CT Scan
- Brain Pacemaker
FAQ
Q: What is deep brain stimulation surgery?
A: Deep brain stimulation surgery involves implanting a device that delivers electrical stimulation to specific brain areas, helping alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.
Q: How is the target area in the brain identified for the surgery?
A: A high-resolution MRI is used in conjunction with a navigation system to determine the precise location in the brain, specifically the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's patients.
Q: What happens during the awake phase of the surgery?
A: During the awake phase, micro electrode recording is performed to monitor electrical activity in the brain. The patient is engaged in tasks to assess their brain's response during the lead placement process.
Q: How do doctors ensure the leads are correctly placed?
A: Following lead placement, a CT scan is performed to compare the actual lead positions with the planned positions established through the pre-operative MRI.
Q: What role does the brain pacemaker play in the treatment?
A: The brain pacemaker, which is a battery connected to the implanted leads, delivers electrical stimulation to regulate abnormal brain signals associated with movement disorders.